History of statistics|meaning of the word statistics|population and simple|definition of statistics

History of Statistics? All the writers agree that the word " STSTISTICS " have been derived from the Latin word ...

History of Statistics?

All the writers agree that the word "STSTISTICS" have been derived from the

Latin word "Status" or Italian word "Statista" or the German word "Statistik" or

the French word "Statistique" each of which was used to mean political state

what is statistics

Zimmermann a professor of Philosophy used the word Statistics in 1787. In

developing different theories of Statistics, there is great contribution of

Mathematicians and Biologists. Professor Jacob Bernoulli developed the rules

Of Probability Theorv. A mathematician James G. Cardäno (1501-1536)

developed certain rules by which risk of losing the games can be minimized.

Neumann, Hailey, constructed the first LIFE TABLE. Galton developed the

theory of Regression and Correlation during the 2 d word war of eighteenth

century. R.A Fisher (1890 — 1962) worked on Estimation, Design of experiments

and analysis of variance technique, Neyman (1894 - 1983) and Pearson (1895 - 1981)

developed the theory of Hypothesis Testing and Confidence Intervals.

MEANINGS OF THE WORD STATISTICS

The word Statistics has three different meanings:

Firstly: In plural sense Statistics means data systematically collected and

presented in the form of tables or charts or graphs etc. From the arrival to

departure of all living things in this world ail events are measured and recorded

in numerical form, For example if we collect the height, weight and temperature

of ten insects, These numerical measures are technically called data To record

such characteristics Statistics IS used jn plural sense.

Secondly: I" singular sense Statistics means methods used to collect,

arrange. analyze and interpret the numerical data. These methods are used to

describe the stated problem. For example if we want to know about the

average weight and age of college students. we will use these methods

Thirdly: Statistics is plural 0 Statistic, Where statistic is any quantity

measured from sample data. For example, if population of a college consists of 1000 students and we selecta simple random sample of 10 students. Then the mean height of 10 students is a statistic.

To understand the meanings consider the statement "We compute

Statistics from Statistics b statis ice. The word Statistics in the first place is

plural of statistic in the second place in plural sense data and in the third place

in singular sense methods.

POPULATION AND SAMPLE

Total group under study from which we wish to get the information is called

population. For example if we want to get information from the students of 1st year class of any college. Then all the students of first year class of that college is our population. The units of population are called sampling units. Number of sampling units in the population depends upon the interest of investigator. A population that contains countable number of sampling units is finite or discrete population. For example Number of students in a class, Number of books in the library etc. Any quantity measured from population data is called parameter. Parameters are denoted by Greek letters e.g mean (p) and variance (02) etc. Parameter is

constant because it does not change for the same population.

A small part of population representing the qualities population is

called sample. If it does not represent the qualities of population then it is not a sample but it is only part of population. A sample which represents al! and qualities of the population it is known as representative sample. Any quantity measured from sample data is called statistic. Statistic's are denoted by English letters. For example mean (X) and variance (S) etc. Statistic is i'ariabie because its value changes from sample to sample; even samples are. Drawn from the population.

Statistics has been defined differently from time to time. Some definitions are given below:

1. Statistics is the science of facts which can be numerically measured and systematically collected.
2.  Statistics is the science in which decisions are based on numerical data.
3. Statistics is the science of variability (changeability) and uncertainty.
4. The combined study of four methods used to collect, arrange, analyze

and interpret the numerical data to make decisions. in. confusion of uncertainty is caller statistics.