Branches of Statistics There are two branches of Statistics . Branch of Statistics Descriptive Statistics Inferential / inductiv...
Branches of Statistics
There are two branches of Statistics .
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| Branch of Statistics |
- Descriptive Statistics
- Inferential / inductive Statistics.
1Descriptive Statistics:
A branch of statistics in which we analyze and
interpret the results of collected and arranged data is Descriptive Statistics.
In this branch of Statistics some basic calculations are made on the data to
observe the characteristics of data and no conclusion is drawn from the
calculations.
For example if we select 10 students of first year class of a college
and find their mean age. Let the mean age is 16 years. Now if we interpret our
result as that mean age of these 10 students is 16 years then this is descriptive Statistics.
2 Inferential I inductive Statistics:
A branch of statistics in which we analyze
and interpret the results of collected and arranged data and also draw
conclusions about the population from the interpreted results of collected data is
called Inferential / inductive Statistics. Inferential Statistics is used in making
decisions and predictions at some future time. In this branch of Statistics some
basic calculations are made on the data to draw conclusions about the
population from the sample data.
For example if We select 10 students of first year class
Of a college and find their mean age. Let the mean age is 16 years. Now if we conclude that
mean age of all first year students is16 years then this is Inferential I inductive Statistics.
What is Statistics Variable
A characteristic that differs either in quality or quantity from object to
Object or from individual to individual is called variable.
For example Intelligence, beauty, Poverty, richness, kindness, decision power, height.
weight, temperature, length, width and Pressure etc.
Its two major types are:
1Qualitative Variable
2 Quantitative Variable. English letters X, Y and Z etc.
are used to denote a variable,
TYPES OF VARIABLE
- Qualitative variable or Attribute
- Quantitative variable
(a) QUALITATIVE VARIABLE.
A characteristic that differs from object
to object or from individual to Individual and cannot be is
called qualitative variable or attribute.
For example Intelligence. beauty,
Poverty, richness, kindness, decision power, healthiness, laziness, and
dishonesty etc.
(b) QUANTITATIVE VARIABLE:
A characteristic that differs in from
object to object or from individual to individual and can be measured
numerically is called quantitative variable.
For example height, weight, length
temperature, Pressure , number of students in a class, number cf eggs laid by a
hen in a year and number of hospitals in a country etc.
There are two types of it:
(i) Continuous variable
(ii) Discrete variable.
(i) Continuous Variable:
A variable which assumes (suppose, take or accept) all
possible values in the given interval (range) is called continuous variable.
For example, height; weight, length. Width, speed, temperature and Pressure etc.
PROPERTIES:
i) It assumes all possible values without jumping on the measuring scale.
For example weight(a force with which earth attracts any object towards its center)' Of students is
continuous variable if it is measured to any number of decimal places such as
65.05 kg. or 65.0056 kg. 65.0326578 kg etc.
ii) It assumes values in whole numbers and in fractions measured to any
number of decimal places.
iii) It assumes infinite number of values in the given interval.
iv) The graph of continuous variable is a continuous curve without any break.
(ii) Discrete Variable:
A variable which assumes (suppose, take or accept)
selected values in the given interval (range) . is called discrete variable or
discontinuous variable or direct variable.
For example number of students in a
class, number of eggs laid by a hen in a year, number of schools in a country,
shoe and collar size as 5.
PROPERTIES:
i) The values of discrete variable are usually obtained by counting can be
Obtained by measurement If measurements are made neatest to whole
numbers or only at specified selected points. For example weight of
students is discrete variable if it is measured nearest to kg; o.
ii) It assumes values by breaks or jumps at specific points either in whole
numbers or fixed number of decimal places. For example, shoe and collar size as.
etc.
iii) It assumes finite number of values in the given interval.
iv) The graph of discrete variable is discontinuous with breaks and each point
touches in the form of lines at X-axis.
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