GRAPHS Graph is visual display of data usually on the graph paper in the form of continuous curves or discontinuous lines. It is possib...
GRAPHS
Graph is visual display of data usually on the graph paper in the form of
continuous curves or discontinuous lines. It is possible to put down a large
number of information in a simple graph. Graphs provide the facility of
comparisons to a layman at a look.
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| Statistics Graph and its type|Histogram|Historigram |
There are two major types of graphs:
(i) Graphs of time sense
(ii) Graphs of frequency distribution.
1 GRAPHS
1 Graph f time series (Histogram)
2 Graph of frequency distribution
1 Frequency curve
2 Cumulative frequency polygon
3 Histogram
4 Frequency polygon
5 Cumulative Frequency Curve (Ogive)
Historigram
The graph of time series in which the variable time (years or months or days or
hours) is taken along X-axis and variable values along Y-axis is known as
Histogram While drawing a graph the independent variable is always taken
along X-axis and dependent variable along Y-axis. The plotted points are joined
by straight line segments. The variable time is always independent because no
one in the world can control it hence it is taken along X-axis and observed
values along Y-axis. This topic will be studied in detail in the next class.
Histogram
Histogram is a graph of frequency distribution that consists of set of adjacent
rectangles in which class boundaries are taken along x-axis and bars of suitable
width are made along Y-axis whose heights are proportional to their
frequencies. It is constructed separately for equal and unequal class intervals.
(i) Equal class interval
The procedure of drawing a histogram from grouped data with equal class
interval consists of the following steps:
(i) Mark the class boundaries along X-axis at equal distances,
(ii) Draw a rectangle for each class whose height is proportional to its
frequency. To perform this action set up the scale as:
Highest frequency
Along Y-axis I big square
No. of big squares used along Y — axis
(ii) Unequal class interval
The procedure of drawing a histogram from grouped data with unequal class
interval consists of the following steps:
(i) Mark the class boundaries along X-axis according to a suitable scale.
(ii)Convert the class limits into class boundaries and find class interval for
each class. Adjust the frequencies by dividing the frequency of each
glass by its class width.
(iii)Draw rectangle for each class whose height is proportional to its adjusted
frequency. To perform this action set up the scale as.
Highest adjusted frequency
Along Y-axis I big square
No. of big squares used along Y — axis
Value of big square
Along Y-axis small square
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